Chapter 55 Ap Biology Reading Guide Answers

Are you lot planning on taking the AP® Biological science test? If so, let's become you prepared in this AP® Biology review past learning more virtually the exam and how to study so that yous tin can feel confident and earn your best score and potentially college credit.

The AP® Biology examination is graded on a scale of 1-v, and yous can earn higher credits at many colleges for receiving a score as low as a 3, which is estimated to exist approximately equivalent to earning a C, C+, or B- in a higher-level biology course. However, there is quite a bit of variation between colleges in what test scores they will award credit for, if any, so be sure to check with the specific colleges in which you are interested to see what score(south) they take.

In this AP® Biology review mail service, nosotros'll go over cardinal questions yous may have near the exam, how to study for AP® Biology, and how to review and utilise AP® Biological science exam practice resources, including AP® Biology practice tests, equally you begin preparing for your exam.

Are you ready? Allow's become started.

• What's the Format of the 2022 AP® Biological science Exam?
• How Long is the AP® Biological science Exam?
• How Many Questions Does AP® Biology Take?
• What Topics are Covered on AP® Biological science?
• What Do AP® Biological science Questions Expect Like?
• What Tin can Y'all Bring to the AP® Biology Exam?
• How to Report for AP® Biological science: v Steps to Get a 5
• AP® Biology Review: 15 Must Know Report Tips
• AP® Biological science: five Examination Day Tips to Recall
• AP® Biology Review Notes and Exercise Test Resources
• Summary: The Best AP® Biology Review Guide

What's the Format of the 2022 AP® Biological science Exam?

The AP® Biological science exam is equanimous of two sections: multiple choice and gratis response. At that place are sixty multiple pick questions and half dozen free-response questions (2 long-answer questions and 4 short-answer questions).

Section	# of Questions	Fourth dimension Limit	% of Overall Score
I: Multiple Choice	lx	90 minutes	50%
II: Gratis Response	half dozen	xc minutes	50%

Source: College Lath

For the 2022 examination season, the AP® Biological science test is being offered in merely newspaper-and-pencil format (in previous years, the test was offered digitally as a result of COVID-19).

How Long is the AP® Biology Exam?

The AP® Biology exam is a 3 hour exam. Students will have xc minutes to complete 60 multiple option questions and another 90 minutes to complete 6 gratuitous-response questions.

How Many Questions Does AP® Biological science Have?

The AP® Biology exam has 60 multiple choice questions and half dozen free-response questions. Of the half dozen gratuitous-response questions, iv are short-reply questions while the other ii are long-answer questions.

What Topics are Covered on AP® Biology?

There are ii types of questions on the AP® Biology test: multiple choice and free response.

Section I: Multiple Option

The AP® Biology exam multiple choice section assesses both content knowledge and scientific discipline practices , with questions designed to do both. These multiple option questions may be either private or in sets of iv to 5 questions per set.

The content cognition within the 8 different form units is broken down into iv large ideas , with learning objectives related to each:

• Evolution (EVO)
• Energetics (ENE)
• information Storage and Manual (IST)
• Systems Interactions (SYI)

Questions within each content expanse, with the relevant learning objectives addressed, are weighted in the multiple choice section as shown; resources for written report, AP® Biological science review, and AP® Biological science exam practice for each section are also provided. You tin can use this to make an AP® Biology study guide.

Units, Topics, and Learning Objectives	Weighting on Exam	Resource
Unit 1: Chemical science of Life i.1: Construction of Water and Hydrogen Bonding: SYI-one.A: Explain how the backdrop of h2o that result from its polarity and hydrogen bonding bear on its biological function. 1.2: Elements of Life: ENE-1.A: Describe the limerick of macromolecules required by living organisms. 1.iii: Introduction to Biological Macromolecules: SYI-one.B: Draw the properties of the monomers and the type of bonds that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules. 1.4: Properties of Biological Macromolecules: SYI-1.B: Describe the properties of the monomers and the type of bonds that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules. one.5: Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules: SYI-1.C: Explain how a change in the subunits of a polymer may lead to changes in structure or function of the macromolecule. 1.6: Nucleic Acids: IST-1.A: Depict the structural similarities and differences betwixt Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA.	viii-11%	The Chemical Foundation of Life Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Scientific discipline Exercise Challenge Questions Biological Macromolecules Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Do Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit of measurement 1
Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function ii.one: Cell Structure: Subcellular Components: SYI-ane.D: Describe the structure and/ or function of subcellular components and organelles. ii.2: Cell Construction and Function: SYI-1.E: Explain how subcellular components and organelles contribute to the function of the cell. SYI-one.F: Describe the structural features of a jail cell that allow organisms to capture, shop, and use free energy. ii.3: Cell Size: ENE-one.B: Explain the effect of expanse-to-book ratios on the exchange of materials betwixt cells or organisms and the environment. ENE-i.C: Explicate how specialized structures and strategies are used for the efficient exchange of molecules to the environment. 2.four: Plasma Membranes: ENE-2.A: Describe the roles of each of the components of the cell membrane in maintaining the internal environs of the cell. ENE-two.B: Draw the Fluid Mosaic Model of prison cell membranes. 2.5: Membrane Permeability: ENE-2.C: Explain how the structure of biological membranes influences selective permeability. ENE-2.D: Describe the function of the cell wall in maintaining cell structure and function. 2.6: Membrane Transport: ENE-2.E: Describe the mechanisms that organisms apply to maintain solute and water balance. ENE-2.F: Describe the mechanisms that organisms use to ship big molecules beyond the plasma membrane. 2.7: Facilitated Improvidence: ENE-2.Yard: Explain how the structure of a molecule affects its ability to pass through the plasma membrane. 2.8: Tonicity and Osmoregulation: ENE-2.H: Explain how concentration gradients touch on the motility of molecules across membranes. ENE-two.I: Explain how osmoregulatory mechanisms contribute to the health and survival of organisms. 2.nine: Mechanisms of Transport: ENE-2.J: Describe the processes that allow ions and other molecules to motion across membranes. 2.x: Cell Compartmentalization: ENE-2.One thousand: Describe the membrane- spring structures of the eukaryotic cell. ENE-2.L: Explain how internal membranes and membrane- bound organelles contribute to compartmentalization of eukaryotic cell functions. two.11: Origin of Jail cell Compartmentalization: EVO-one.A: Depict similarities and/or differences in compartmentalization between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVO-1.B: Depict the human relationship betwixt the functions of endosymbiotic organelles and their free-living ancestral counterparts.	10-13%	Cell Structure Cardinal Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Do Claiming Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit 2
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics iii.ane: Enzyme Construction: ENE-ane.D: Describe the properties of enzymes. three.two: Enzyme Catalysis: ENE-1.E: Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions. three.3: Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function: ENE-1.F: Explain how changes to the structure of an enzyme may affect its role. ENE-1.G: Explain how the cellular environment affects enzyme activity. 3.4: Cellular Energy: ENE-1.H: Draw the office of energy in living organisms. 3.five: Photosynthesis: ENE-1.I: Draw the photosynthetic processes that allow organisms to capture and shop energy. ENE-1.J: Explain how cells capture free energy from light and transfer information technology to biological molecules for storage and use. 3.6: Cellular Respiration: ENE-i.K: Draw the processes that allow organisms to use free energy stored in biological macromolecules. ENE-1.Fifty: Explicate how cells obtain energy from biological macromolecules in club to power cellular functions. 3.7: Fitness: SYI-3.A: Explicate the connection between variation in the number and types of molecules within cells to the ability of the organism to survive and/or reproduce in unlike environments.	12-xvi%	Metabolism Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practise Claiming Questions Cellular Respiration Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Scientific discipline Practice Claiming Questions Photosynthesis Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practise Claiming Questions Albert Do Questions: Unit 3
Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle 4.one: Cell Advice: IST-3.A: Depict the means that cells can communicate with one another. IST-three.B: Explicate how cells communicate with one another over short and long distances. iv.ii: Introduction to Point Transduction: IST-3.C: Describe the components of a signal transduction pathway. IST-3.D: Depict the function of components of a indicate transduction pathway in producing a cellular response. four.iii: Signal Transduction: IST-iii.E: Describe the function of the surround in eliciting a cellular response. IST-three.F: Draw the different types of cellular responses elicited by a signal transduction pathway. 4.4: Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways: IST-iii.G: Explain how a modify in the construction of any signaling molecule affects the action of the signaling pathway. 4.v: Feedback: ENE-iii.A: Describe positive and/ or negative feedback mechanisms. ENE-three.B: Explain how negative feedback helps to maintain homeostasis. ENE-3.C: Explain how positive feedback affects homeostasis. 4.6: Jail cell Cycle: IST-i.B: Describe the events that occur in the prison cell cycle. IST-1.C: Explain how mitosis results in the transmission of chromosomes from 1 generation to the next. 4.7: Regulation of Cell Bicycle: IST-1.D: Describe the part of checkpoints in regulating the jail cell cycle. IST-1.E: Describe the effects of disruptions to the prison cell bike on the cell or organism.	ten-15%	Cell Communication Key Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Scientific discipline Practice Challenge Questions Cell Reproduction Fundamental Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Science Practise Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit 4
Unit 5: Heredity five.1: Meiosis: IST-1.F: Explain how meiosis results in the manual of chromosomes from one generation to the next. IST-1.G: Describe similarities and/ or differences betwixt the phases and outcomes of mitosis and meiosis. 5.2: Meiosis and Genetic Diversity: IST-1.H: Explain how the process of meiosis generates genetic diversity. five.3: Mendelian Genetics: EVO-2.A: Explain how shared, conserved, fundamental processes and features support the concept of mutual beginnings for all organisms. IST-one.I: Explicate the inheritance of genes and traits as described by Mendel's laws. 5.4: Non-Mendelian Genetics: IST-i.J: Explain deviations from Mendel'due south model of the inheritance of traits. v.5: Environmental Effects on Phenotype: SYI-3.B: Explicate how the aforementioned genotype can result in multiple phenotypes under different environmental conditions. 5.6: Chromosomal Inheritance: SYI-three.C: Explicate how chromosomal inheritance generates genetic variation in sexual reproduction.	eight-11%	Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Cardinal Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Claiming Questions Mendel'south Experiments and Heredity Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Modernistic Understandings of Inheritance Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Claiming Questions Albert Exercise Questions: Unit 5
Unit six: Gene Expression and Regulation 6.1: Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA Structure: IST-i.One thousand: Describe the structures involved in passing hereditary data from one generation to the adjacent.IST-1.L: Describe the characteristics of Deoxyribonucleic acid that allow information technology to be used as the hereditary textile. vi.2: Replication: IST-i.One thousand: Describe the mechanisms past which genetic data is copied for transmission between generations. 6.3: Transcription and RNA Processing: IST-1.N: Describe the mechanisms by which genetic information flows from Dna to RNA to protein. 6.4: Translation: IST-1.O: Explain how the phenotype of an organism is determined past its genotype. half dozen.5: Regulation of Gene Expression: IST-ii.A: Depict the types of interactions that regulate gene expression. IST-2.B: Explain how the location of regulatory sequences relates to their function. vi.6: Gene Expression and Cell Specialization: IST-2.C: Explain how the bounden of transcription factors to promoter regions affects gene expression and/or the phenotype of the organism. IST-ii.D: Explain the connection between the regulation of cistron expression and phenotypic differences in cells and organisms. 6.7: Mutations: IST-two.Due east: Describe the various types of mutation. IST-4.A: Explain how changes in genotype may issue in changes in phenotype. IST-four.B: Explain how alterations in Dna sequences contribute to variation that can be subject area to natural option. 6.8: Biotechnology: IST-ane.P: Explain the use of genetic engineering techniques in analyzing or manipulating Deoxyribonucleic acid.	12-xvi%	Dna Construction and Role Key Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Genes and Proteins Primal Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Scientific discipline Do Challenge Questions Gene Regulation Cardinal Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Biotechnology and Genomics Central Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit 6
Unit 7: Natural Selection 7.1: Introduction to Natural Selection: EVO-i.C: Describe the causes of natural selection. EVO-1.D: Explain how natural pick affects populations. 7.2: Natural Choice: EVO-one.Due east: Describe the importance of phenotypic variation in a population. 7.three: Bogus Pick: EVO-1.F: Explain how humans can affect diversity within a population. EVO-i.One thousand: Explain the human relationship between changes in the environment and evolutionary changes in the population. 7.iv: Population Genetics: EVO-i.H: Explicate how random occurrences impact the genetic makeup of a population. EVO-1.I: Describe the role of random processes in the development of specific populations. EVO-i.J: Describe the change in the genetic makeup of a population over fourth dimension. 7.five: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: EVO-1.1000: Describe the weather under which allele and genotype frequencies will change in populations. EVO-ane.50: Explain the impacts on the population if any of the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg are not met. 7.6: Evidence of Evolution: EVO-1.1000: Describe the types of data that provide show for evolution. EVO-1.North: Explain how morphological, biochemical, and geological data provide evidence that organisms accept inverse over time. EVO-2.B: Describe the central molecular and cellular features shared across all domains of life, which provide evidence of common ancestry. seven.7: Common Beginnings: EVO-2.C: Describe structural and functional testify on cellular and molecular levels that provides evidence for the common ancestry of all eukaryotes. 7.8: Standing Evolution: EVO-3.A: Explicate how evolution is an ongoing procedure in all living organisms. 7.9: Phylogeny: EVO-3.B: Depict the types of bear witness that can exist used to infer an evolutionary relationship. EVO-three.C: Explicate how a phylogenetic tree and/or cladogram can exist used to infer evolutionary relatedness. 7.10: Speciation: EVO-3.D: Describe the conditions under which new species may arise. EVO-3.Eastward: Draw the rate of evolution and speciation under different ecological conditions. EVO-3.F: Explain the processes and mechanisms that drive speciation. vii.11: Extinction: EVO-3.G: Describe factors that lead to the extinction of a population. EVO-3.H: Explain how the risk of extinction is afflicted by changes in the environment. EVO-3.I: Explain species diversity in an ecosystem every bit a function of speciation and extinction rates. EVO-3.J: Explicate how extinction tin make new environments bachelor for adaptive radiation. 7.12: Variations in Populations: SYI-three.D: Explain how the genetic diverseness of a species or population affects its power to withstand environmental pressures. vii.13: Origins of Life on Globe: SYI-3.Due east: Describe the scientific testify that provides support for models of the origin of life on Earth.	13-20%	Evolution and Origin of Species Central Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions The Development of Populations Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Do Claiming Questions Phylogenies and the History of Life Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Claiming Questions Albert Do Questions: Unit 7
Unit 8: Ecology 8.1: Responses to the Environment: ENE-3.D: Explain how the behavioral and/or physiological response of an organism is related to changes in internal or external environment. IST-5.A: Explain how the behavioral responses of organisms bear upon their overall fitness and may contribute to the success of the population. viii.2: Energy Menstruum Through Ecosystems: ENE-1.Grand: Depict the strategies organisms utilize to acquire and use energy. ENE-one.N: Explain how changes in energy availability affect populations and ecosystems. ENE-1.O: Explicate how the activities of autotrophs and heterotrophs enable the period of energy within an ecosystem. 8.3: Population Environmental: SYI-one.Chiliad: Depict factors that influence growth dynamics of populations. 8.iv: Effect of Density of Populations: SYI-1.H: Explain how the density of a population affects and is determined past resource availability in the environment. 8.five: Community Ecology: ENE-4.A: Draw the structure of a community according to its species limerick and multifariousness. ENE-4.B: Explicate how interactions inside and among populations influence community structure. ENE-4.C: Explain how community structure is related to free energy availability in the environment. 8.6: Biodiversity: SYI-3.F: Describe the relationship between ecosystem diversity and its resilience to changes in the surround. SYI-3.G: Explicate how the addition or removal of whatsoever component of an ecosystem volition touch on its overall short-term and long-term construction. viii.7: Disruptions to Ecosystems: EVO-one.O: Explain the interaction between the environment and random or preexisting variations in populations. SYI-2.A: Explain how invasive species affect ecosystem dynamics. SYI-2.B: Explain how geological and meteorological activity leads to changes in ecosystem structure and/or dynamics.	x-15%	Environmental and the Biosphere Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Claiming Questions Population and Customs Environmental Central Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Do Challenge Questions Ecosystems Central Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Exercise Claiming Questions Conservation Biological science and Biodiversity Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit eight

Source: College Board

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While there are no units specifically devoted to prokaryotes and viruses, having a basic agreement of prokaryotic and virus structure, evolution, environmental, and diversity will be helpful since prokaryotic and eukaryotic mechanisms are compared in various units. Thus, we recommend that yous review this information besides.

The six unlike science practices are divided into skills and are besides assessed in the multiple pick section and weighted as shown:

Science Exercise and Skills (A, B, C, etc.)	Weighting on Exam
one. Concept Caption: Explain biological concepts, processes, and models presented in written format. one.A: Describe biological concepts and/or processes. 1.B: Explicate biological concepts and/or processes. i.C: Explicate biological concepts, processes, and/or models in applied contexts.	25-33%
2. Visual Representations: Analyze visual representations of biological concepts and processes. 2.A: Describe characteristics of a biological concept, procedure, or model represented visually. 2.B: Explain relationships between unlike characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually In theoretical contexts. In applied contexts. two.C: Explicate how biological concepts or processes represented visually chronicle to larger biological principles, concepts, processes, or theories. 2.D: Represent relationships within biological models, including Mathematical models Diagrams Menstruum charts	sixteen-24%
3. Questions and Methods: Determine scientific questions and methods. 3.A: Identify or pose a testable question based on an ascertainment, information, or a model. 3.B: Land the zero or culling hypotheses, or predict the results of an experiment. 3.C: Identify experimental procedures that are aligned to the question, including Identifying dependent and independent variables. Identifying appropriate controls. Justifying appropriate controls. 3.D: Propose a new/next investigation based on An evaluation of the prove from an experiment. An evaluation of the pattern/methods.	eight-14%
4. Representing and Describing Information: Represent and describe data. iv.A: Construct a graph, plot, or nautical chart ( Ten,Y; Log Y; Bar; Histogram; Line, Dual Y; Box and Whisker; Pie ). Orientation Labeling Units Scaling Plotting Type Trend line four.B: Describe data from a table or graph, including Identifying specific data points. Describing trends and/or patterns in the data. Describing relationships betwixt variables.	8-xiv%
5. Statistical Tests and Data Assay: Perform statistical tests and mathematical calculations to analyze and interpret data. five.A: Perform mathematical calculations, including Mathematical equations in the curriculum. Means. Rates. Ratios. Percentages. 5.B: Apply confidence intervals and/or fault bars (both adamant using standard errors) to decide whether sample means are statistically unlike. 5.C: Perform chi-square hypothesis testing. five.D: Utilize information to evaluate a hypothesis (or prediction), including Rejecting or failing to reject the zero hypothesis. Supporting or refuting the alternative hypothesis.	8-14%
6. Argumentation: Develop and justify scientific arguments using evidence. 6.A: Brand a scientific claim. 6.B: Back up a claim with evidence from biological principles, concepts, processes, and/or information. 6.C: Provide reasoning to justify a claim by connecting evidence to biological theories. vi.D: Explain the relationship between experimental results and larger biological concepts, processes, or theories. half dozen.E: Predict the causes or effects of a modify in, or disruption to, one or more components in a biological system based on Biological concepts or processes. A visual representation of a biological concept, process, or model. Data.	xx-26%

Source: College Lath

You can too get AP® Biology examination practice in both the scientific discipline practise and content knowledge by completing the Albert practice questions associated with each of 13 lab activities.

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Department Ii: Gratis Response

The AP® Biology free response questions are also designed to assess both content knowledge and science practices and are organized effectually the science practices and the four big ideas for the grade.

The free response questions are designed as follows, with each of the brusque-answer questions also assessing one of the four big ideas:

Free Response Question	Point Breakup and Total
#i: Long-Answer: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results: gives an authentic scenario with information table or graph	Role A: describe/explain biological concepts/processes/models (1-2 pts.) Part B: identify experimental design procedures (3-4 pts.) Office C: analyze data (1-3 pts.) Function D: make and justify predictions (2-four pts.) Total: 8-10 pts.
#2: Long-Respond: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Graphing: gives an authentic scenario with data table	Function A: draw/explicate biological concepts/processes/models (1-2 pts.) Function B: construct graph/plot/chart using confidence intervals/error bars (iv pts.) Part C: analyze data (1-3 pts.) Part D: brand and justify predictions (ane-3 pts.) Total: 8-ten pts.
#3: Brusque-Answer: Scientific Investigation: describes a lab investigation scenario	Part A: describe biological concepts/processes (1 pt.) Part B: identify experimental procedures (1 pt.) Part C: predict results (1 pt.) Function D: justify predictions (1 pt.) Total: 4 pts.
#4: Short-Answer: Conceptual Analysis: gives an authentic scenario describing biological phenomenon with a disruption	Part A: describe biological concepts/processes (1 pt.) Function B: explain biological concepts/processes (ane pt.) Role C: predict causes/furnishings of change in biological system (ane pt.) Function D: justify predictions (one pt.) Total: 4 pts.
#five: Short-Reply: Analyze Model or Visual Representation: requite an authentic scenario with visual model or representation	Part A: describe characteristics of biological concept/process/model represented visually (1 pt.) Office B: explicate relationships between dissimilar characteristics of biological concept/process represented visually (i pt.) Office C: represent relationships inside biological model (ane pt.) Part D: explain how biological concept or process represented visually relates to larger biological principle/concept/process/theory (ane pt.) Total: iv pts.
#6: Brusque-Respond: Analyze Data: gives information in a graph, table, or other visual representation	Part A: depict data (1 pt.) Function B: depict data (1 pt.) Part C: use data to evaluate hypothesis/prediction (1 pt.) Part D: explain how experimental results relate to i+ larger biological principle/concept/process/theory (ane pt.) Full: 4 pts.

Source: College Board

You lot volition be provided an AP® Biology Equations and Formulas Sheet that you may utilize on either department of the exam. You are likewise permitted to employ a iv-function, scientific, or graphing estimator throughout the examination.

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What Do AP® Biological science Questions Await Similar?

Considering taking an test is a skill, completing AP® Biology examination exercise questions, then reviewing the answers carefully, is a great style to prepare for the AP® Biology exam and so that yous are not caught off guard by whatsoever content or question formats. The AP® Biological science Grade and Exam Description (CED) for AP® Biology from the College Lath provides xv multiple choice practice questions and correct answers that address content noesis from all eight units besides as skills from all vi science practices.

The CED for AP® Biology also provides 2 practice free response questions (one long-respond question and one short-answer question) with detailed grading rubrics. The College Lath has also released the free-response questions with scoring guidelines from the last twenty years' worth of exams through 2019. The College Board has likewise released a complete practice exam with answers based upon the 2013 examination . Albert also provides a wide multifariousness of both AP® Biological science test practice multiple choice and costless-response questions and answers, as well every bit unit assessments and complete AP® Biology practice tests .

Multiple Choice Examples

Here are some examples of the types of multiple selection questions you may see, likewise as the right answer, unit of measurement(due south), and science practice(southward) that each question (or question set) assesses.

Case #1:

AP® Biology Course and Exam Description (CED) – MC Example #10

Right Answer: C

This question challenges students on i core principle and ane science practice.

For Unit 2 (Cell Structure and Function), y'all should flag the topic of tonicity and osmoregulation equally of import.

For Science Practice ii (Visual Representations), you should flag the following every bit important:

• Explain relationships between different characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually in applied contexts.

Example #ii:

AP® Biology Form and Exam Description (CED) – MC Example #12

Right Answer: C

This question challenges students on one cadre principle and ane science practise.

For Unit i (Chemistry of Life), you should flag the topic of properties of biological macromolecules as important.

For Science Practice 1 (Concept Explanation), you should flag the following as important:

• Explain biological concepts and/or processes.

AP® Biology Practise Test from the 2013 Administration – MC Examples #10-13

Examples #three-6

Right Answer #10: C

Correct Answer #xi: B

Correct Answer #12: D

Right Answer #13: B

These questions claiming students on one core principle and two scientific discipline practices.

For Unit 8 (Environmental), you should flag the topic of population environmental equally important.

For Scientific discipline Do two (Visual Representations), y'all should flag the following as important:

• Explicate relationships between different characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually in applied contexts.

For Science Practice 6 (Argumentation), you should flag the following as of import:

• Support a claim with testify from biological principles, concepts, processes, and/or data.
• Provide reasoning to justify a claim by connecting prove to biological theories.
• Predict the causes or effects of a change in, or disruption to, one or more than components in a biological system based on data.

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Free-Response Examples

Annotation that the specific focus of each free-response question is more targeted than in years past.

When writing answers to free response questions, exist sure to write your answers in the designated space only and in complete paragraphs. Bulleted lists, outlines, and diagrams without caption are not acceptable and volition not be graded. Also exist sure that yous well empathize the various task verbs used, as explained in the AP® Biological science Course and Exam Clarification (CED) .

Here are ii examples of the types of complimentary response questions you may encounter, as well equally the correct reply, scoring rubric, and commentary for each question. The unit(s), and science exercise(s) that each question assesses is also provided. I long-answer question and one brusk-reply question are shown.

Example #one: AP® Biological science Long-Reply Free-Response:

Carefully review the scoring rubric provided for this question.

This question challenges students on three core principles: Natural Selection (Unit of measurement seven), Factor Expression and Regulation (Unit half dozen), and the Chemical science of Life (Unit ane).

Here's the content that you should flag as of import from this question:

• Unit 7: Natural Selection, Population Genetics, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Unit half dozen: Mutations
• Unit of measurement one: Structure and Function of Macromolecules

This question besides covers four of the science practices: Concept Explanation (Science Do ane), Questions and Methods (Scientific discipline Practice 3), Representing and Describing Information (Science Practice iv), Statistical Tests and Data Analysis (Science Practice five).

Here'south the scientific discipline practices that yous should flag as important from this question:

Science Practice 1: Concept Caption:

• Describe biological concepts and/or processes.
• Explicate biological concepts, processes, and/or models in applied contexts.

Science Practice iii: Questions and Methods:

• State the null or alternative hypotheses, or predict the results of an experiment.
  • Identify experimental procedures that are aligned to the question

Scientific discipline Practice 4: Representing and Describing Data:

• Depict information from a table or graph.
• Science Practice 5: Statistical Tests and Data Analysis: Perform mathematical calculations.
• Science Practice 6: Argumentation: Support a claim with evidence from biological principles, concepts, processes, and/or data.

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Example #ii: AP® Biology Short-Answer Free-Response:

Carefully review the scoring rubric provided for this question.

This question challenges students on one core principle, Heredity (Unit 5).

Here's the content that you should flag as important from this question:

• Unit 5: Meiosis and Genetic Diversity, Mendelian Genetics

Here'southward the science practices that you should flag equally important from this question:

• Science Practice ane: Concept Explanation: Describe biological concepts and/or processes.

• Science Practice two: Visual Representations:Explain relationships betwixt unlike characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually

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What Tin You Bring to the AP® Biological science Exam?

Make certain yous get in at least fifteen minutes early on to your testing location.

The College Board is rather specific about what you tin can and cannot bring to the AP® Biology test. You are at take chances of having your score non count if you do not carefully follow instructions. We recommend that you carefully review these guidelines and pack your bag the dark before and then that yous do not have any additional stress on the forenoon of the test.

What You Should Bring to Your AP® Biology Examination:

You should bring:

• At least 2 sharpened No. 2 pencils for completing the multiple choice section.
• At to the lowest degree 2 pens with black or blue ink only. These are used to complete certain areas of your exam booklet covers and to write your free-response questions. The College Board is very specific that pens should be black or blueish ink but, then please double-check!
• A four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator to utilize on both the multiple pick and free-response sections of the exam. You may actually bring two calculators. Calculators cannot connect to the internet, brand noise, or have a stylus or keyboard. For more data near acceptable versus unacceptable calculators, wait here .
• If you exercise non attend the schoolhouse where y'all are taking an exam, you lot must bring a government issued or school issued photo ID.
• If you receive any testing accommodations , be certain that y'all bring your Higher Board SSD Accommodations Letter.

What Y'all Should Not Bring to Your AP® Biology Exam:

You should non bring:

• Electronic devices of any kind, as listed below, across the permitted calculators are prohibited in both the exam room and break areas:
  • phones
  • smartwatches and other clothing engineering (including watches that beep or have alarms)
  • tablets
  • cameras
  • laptops
  • carve up timers
  • devices that access the net or communicate in whatever way
• Mechanical pencils, colored pencils, or pens that do not have black/blueish ink
• Your own scratch newspaper
• Reference guides (note that you will be provided with an AP® Biology Equations and Formulas Sail )
• Nutrient or drink, including bottled water, are not permitted in the test room, but are permitted in the interruption room

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How to Study for AP® Biology: 5 Steps to Get a five

1. Take an AP® Biology practice test. (three hours)

Identify your areas of force as well as focus areas for review by taking an Albert AP® Biology practice examination . Exist certain to have a 4-function, scientific, or graphing estimator to use.

two. Make a schedule. (1 hr)

Decide your examination appointment and format. And so, offset preparing early on, giving yourself at least two months if possible. Later on taking an Albert AP® Biology do test to identify areas for report, make a schedule, giving yourself at to the lowest degree a calendar week for each content unit on your AP® Biology study guide.

• While you should prioritize cloth where you struggle, spending at least a calendar week on each unit, also review those units you know better for at to the lowest degree 2-3 days each to stay sharp then that you can answer these questions apace.
• If you are running curt on study time, prioritize Units iii, 6, and seven since these are the most heavily weighted on the exam, and spend less time reviewing Units i and five since these will exist covered the least.

3. Review challenging concepts using your resources and build your AP® Biology study guide. (2-5 hours)

Use your high school textbook and notes and other accessible materials (like OpenStax Biology , Khan Academy , or CK-12 ) for AP® Biological science review of the various content areas. As you review each chapter, build your AP® Biological science study guide, the outline of which has already been provided in a higher place, to include of import cardinal words and concepts for each unit of measurement.

4. Utilize AP® Biology exam practice resources. (20-25 hours)

The all-time style to become constructive at test-taking is by answering lots and lots of AP® Biology exam exercise questions because practice makes perfect!

Use the AP® Biological science exam practice questions provided by the College Lath, the Albert AP® Biology examination practise questions for each unit, as well as unit assessments to back up your study.

v. Get more AP® Biology examination practise. (3 hours)

After completing steps 1-4, take another Albert AP® Biology practice test to identify content areas that require more review.

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AP® Biological science Review: xv Must Know Study Tips

5 AP® Biology Report Tips to Do at Home:

ane. Be consistent.

Devote time to studying and preparing daily. Even if it is only a few minutes on some days when you are busy, exist sure to study each and every day.

2. Use an app like Quizlet for studying cardinal terms.

There are already a bunch flashcards and report guides preloaded into Quizlet (vocab lists from your textbook may already exist available), or you lot can easily make your own. Then, you can exist reviewing key terms and studying whenever y'all have a few gratuitous moments (similar continuing in line at the store, riding the bus, etc.). If this doesn't work for y'all, you tin still make flashcards the sometime-fashioned manner using alphabetize cards.

three. Remove distractions.

It is easy to go distracted during studying past texting, SnapChats, due east-mailing, listening to music, etc. Unfortunately, multitasking is ineffective; information technology takes about 25 minutes to return to a task after a distraction. Therefore, you can be much more time efficient and productive if yous study distraction-gratis.

4. Study with a buddy.

It can be helpful to run into and study with a friend periodically. It tin can exist helpful to talk out concepts from your AP® Biology study guide with each other because they might describe it differently and in a way that yous more easily understand. Additionally, having regular appointments to do so can help to hold you answerable to go through your study plan at a regular stride and not slack off. However, while y'all tin besides schedule in time for fun and hanging out later on your report appointments, brand certain that your planned study time is focused on actual studying.

5. Learn how to use your calculator.

Call back that yous cannot use your phone equally a calculator on the AP® Biology test. Therefore, make sure that you take a calculator that meets the requirements and that y'all know how to employ it. Exercise using it as you consummate AP® Biology test practice questions and AP® Biological science practice tests. The first time you use it should NOT exist during the AP® Biological science exam.

v AP® Biology Multiple Choice Study Tips:

1. Stride yourself.

You will accept ninety minutes to complete sixty multiple choice questions on the AP® Biology test. Thus, you should spend no more than than 2 minutes on whatsoever one question during your first pass through the questions (this assumes that you will move more apace through other questions). If you lot get stuck, mark the question, eliminating any answer choices you can, and move on. And then, come back later afterward you accept completed all other questions. Make sure you fill in an reply for each question.

ii. Imagine the correct respond.

Later on carefully reading a question, come up up with a mental paradigm of an answer before examining the answer choices. Choose an respond that matches your mental image and then justify your selection. Then, justify why y'all eliminated each of the other choices. If you lot cannot choose an answer, eliminate equally many as possible, and so make your best choice. When using the Albert AP® Biology Do questions , carefully read the explanations of both the right and wrong choices, even if you got the answer correct.

iii. Carefully examine any visual materials provided.

Make certain you examine whatever labels, titles, axes, and legends on tables, graphs, figures, or any other types of images so that yous have a clear agreement of how to interpret the visual materials provided in social club to answer the questions associated with these materials.

4. Be ready to handle questions that are grouped as sets.

While many of the multiple choice questions are individual, you should look a few sets of 2-4 questions. Make certain you know which questions are included as a question set. Questions inside a set up are all typically associated with one or more figures or tables. While these questions are related, don't requite up if you don't know the answer to the starting time question. Each question can typically be answered independently of the others inside the ready.

5. Check your work.

If possible, plan to use at least 10-fifteen minutes of the exam time to bank check your piece of work. First, return to whatever questions that y'all found hard to compete on the first laissez passer, beingness sure to select an answer. Then, review your answers to all of the questions, ensuring that y'all accept answered each and every question.

5 AP® Biology Gratis Response Written report Tips:

1. Keep track of time.

You will take 90 minutes to complete the half-dozen free response questions on the AP® Biological science exam. Because each of the two long-answer questions are more extensive and together are worth over half of the gratis response section (x points each), you should programme to spend near 20 minutes on each. Then, spend no more than 10 infinitesimal on each of the 4 curt-respond questions (worth 4 points each). Use whatever remaining time to review your answers, making certain they are complete.

2. Make sure y'all understand the scoring rubrics.

The Higher Lath has provided a clear scoring rubric for each of the half-dozen free response questions (provided higher up, from the AP® Biological science Course and Exam Clarification (CED) ). Exist sure that you are writing your answers with these rubrics in mind, fully addressing each function. Additionally, within the AP® Biological science Course and Exam Description (CED) ), the College Lath has besides provided detailed scoring guidelines (also provided to a higher place) for both a long-answer question and short-answer question. Review these advisedly, making sure you understand what is required to earn each and every point. While the College Board has also provided the scoring guidelines for the many free response questions from by exams that they take made available for exercise, too every bit Chief Reader Reports from past exams that summarize both how students performed on a particular question and what the readers were looking for, remember that the focus of the free response questions on the 2021 AP® Biology exam is different than in years past, so these examples will be slightly unlike than what you lot will see when yous take the examination.

iii. Focus on the verbs.

For each question, focus on its verbs and other clarifying words. Underline or circle each bolded word as well as other fundamental words. Brand certain you understand what each task verb is asking yous to practise. Review the list of AP® task verbs provided above.

4. Write in complete sentences and paragraphs.

The directions for the costless response department clearly state that "outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable and will not be scored". Thus, brand sure to write your answers in complete sentences and organize your thoughts into paragraphs, using the infinite provided for each question.

v. Ensure that you lot follow these five must-dos to respond each question completely:

• It is common for students to recapitulate the question equally they respond a gratuitous response question, but this is non necessary and is a waste product of precious time. Instead, focus on straight answering what the question is asking. Past Primary Reader Reports from the College Lath recommend careful reading and addressing of the prompt.
• The free-response questions are unremarkably broken into parts. Make sure that you reply each office. Additionally, make certain that y'all are actually answering what each question is asking.
• If a adding is required, exist certain to clearly mark your final respond, and show your work as to how you reached that respond.
• If asked to make a table or graph (at least i of the long-answer questions will require this), be sure to follow standard conventions: include a title, characterization columns or axes (including units), plot points. Depict a line or curve only through the information provided and do not extrapolate unless asked to practise then.
• Be succinct merely complete in your answers, completing each thought ("closing the loop"). You volition not earn points simply for quantity, but rather, for quality. The AP® graders will not know what y'all were thinking or what y'all meant; they only know what you wrote. DO NOT PROVIDE ONLY A SINGLE Judgement Answer to any question.
• When making an statement, use the structure of "merits-evidence-reasoning", making sure that you include each of these three components in your reply.

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AP® Biology: 5 Test Day Tips to Recollect

1. Go a good nighttime's sleep the night before.

Complete your intense studying by the afternoon the day before the examination, then have a expert dinner and get a skilful night's sleep (half-dozen-8 hours, if possible). Prepare your alarm, giving yourself plenty of fourth dimension for breakfast and for driving to the examination site.

ii. Pack your bag the dark before:

Review the items that you are and are not allowed to bring to the AP® Biological science exam and pack accordingly. Utilise Albert'south convenient checklist for packing. Include a snack and some water for the break room, but call back that these are not allowed in the testing room.

3. Replace the batteries in your calculator.

Because you don't want your calculator running out of juice during the exam, be sure to alter the batteries in your computer with a fresh fix within a day or so before the exam.

four. Eat a healthy breakfast.

Be certain to eat a healthy breakfast on the morning of the exam. Make certain that information technology includes both protein and carbs and is not all sugary foods. Too, try to avoid over-caffeinating–yous don't desire to exist jittery.

5. Make sure you lot are gratis of electronic gadgets.

In this day and age, we have get and so accustomed to having or wearing technology. Exist sure that you are technology-costless when walking into the exam room: no phones, earbuds, smart watches, bluetooth, etc.

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AP® Biological science Review Notes and Practise Exam Resources

Here are our recommendations for resources to review for and fix for the AP® Biology exam: Your High School Biology Textbook, Notes, Homework Assignments, Exams, Laboratory Activities, and Other Resources Provided by Your Instructor.

If you are taking an AP® Biology class, your teacher has carefully designed the course to prepare you for the AP® Biology exam. Employ the many resource that your instructor has provided for AP® Biology review, carefully reviewing your notes, exams, homework assignments, etc.

AP® Biology Practice Materials Provided by the Higher Lath:

The College Lath has provided quite a lot in the fashion of exercise materials for the AP® Biology examination. Throughout this document, nosotros have mentioned the AP® Biology Course and Exam Description (CED) multiple times. Y'all should review this document advisedly. Note that at that place are xv multiple choice practice questions and correct answers that address content cognition from all eight units likewise as skills from all six science practices. This document also provides two do free response questions (1 long-answer question and one short-reply question) with detailed grading rubrics.

The College Board has also released the free-response questions with scoring guidelines from the xx years' worth of exams through 2019. The College Lath has besides released a consummate AP® Biology practice examination with answers based upon the 2013 exam . Notation, however, that the format of the costless-response department is irresolute slightly for the 2021 AP® Biology exam; while there used to be 8 questions (two long-answer questions and vi short-answer questions), the 2021 AP® Biology exam volition take only 4 short-answer questions. Additionally, each question is more focused on specific skills than in years past, as indicated past the detailed scoring rubrics.

OpenStax AP® Biology Textbook and Resource :

This is a groovy freely available textbook with associated resource designed specifically for preparing for the AP® Biological science test. At that place are additional resource available for students, including a student solutions manual (requires y'all to set up a free account) that includes solutions to many of the questions within the text. There is too a reading and notetaking guide that provides strategies for how to read the textbook and take notes too as study.

• Use this site if: you are looking for a high-quality textbook specifically designed for preparing for the AP® Biology examination, including content knowledge and science practice questions at the end of each chapter.
• Practise non use this site if: y'all are looking for a variety of high-quality videos to brandish and show the textile.

Khan Academy AP/College Biological science Resources :

The Khan Academy provides high quality, freely bachelor, specific resources in support of preparing for the AP® Biology test. Each section includes brusk readings and videos well-nigh the diverse topics, as well as practice questions, quizzes, and unit tests. While you can access these materials without signing up or logging in, by setting up an account, y'all can save your progress through the materials.

• Use this site if: you are a visual learner. There are lots of swell videos available.
• Do not use this site if: you primarily larn by reading only or if you find it bothersome switching back and along betwixt methods of content presentation.

CK-12 Biology for High School Resource :

This is another great freely available ready of resources including the CK-12 Biology Avant-garde Concepts FlexBook . Each section has practice questions associated with it.

• Use this site if: yous learn well from completing worksheets (from the CK-12 Biological science Workbook FlexBook ) and lots of sample quizzes and tests (from the CK-12 Biological science Quizzes and Tests FlexBook ).
• Do not use this site if: you are looking for a resource that is organized in the same mode as the AP® Biology exam.

Albert AP® Biology Do Questions, Unit Assessments, and Practise Exams :

Albert has adult a series of high-quality resources to support you in your preparation for the AP® Biology exam. There are AP® Biology exam practice questions (both multiple choice and free response ) for each of the eight content units, organized by the unit and topics found on the AP® Biology exam. For each question, clear descriptions of the correct answer as well as explanations for eliminating the incorrect answers are provided. There are also unit assessments for each of the 8 content units, as well as 4 complete AP® Biology Practise Exams . Albert besides provides questions to allow for the data analysis from 13 different laboratory activities , allowing students to further practice the Science Practices besides found on the AP® Biology exam.

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Summary: The Best AP® Biology Review Guide

We have covered a lot in this AP® Bio review guide, so let's regroup and summarize:

Exam Structure: The test will accept iii hours to consummate and is composed of two 90-minute sections:

Department	# of Questions	Time Limit	% of Overall Score
I: Multiple Choice	threescore	90 minutes	50%
II: Free Response	6	90 minutes	50%

Source: Higher Board

Primary Topics Covered: The exam will cover 8 content units and 6 science practices, as shown below, with each question typically covering i or more than of each:

viii Content Units:

• Unit of measurement 1: Chemical science of Life
• Unit 2: Cell Construction and Function
• Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
• Unit 4: Cell Advice and Cell Cycle
• Unit v: Heredity
• Unit six: Gene Expression and Regulation
• Unit seven: Natural Pick
• Unit 8: Ecology

half-dozen Science Practices:

• Science Practice 1: Concept Explanation
• Scientific discipline Practice 2: Visual Representations
• Science Practice 3: Questions and Methods
• Science Do 4: Representing and Describing Information
• Science Practice 5: Statistical Tests and Data Assay
• Scientific discipline Do 6: Argumentation

How to Report for the AP® Biology Exam:

1. Take an AP® Biology do test
2. Make a schedule
3. Review challenging concepts using your resources and build your AP® Biology study guide
4. Use AP® Biology examination practice resources
5. Get more than AP® Biology exam practise

We hope you take establish this AP® Biological science review guide useful. If you worked hard throughout the year in your class, have built out a good AP® Biology written report guide using the communication and resource provided here, and have practiced extensively (using lots of AP® Biology practice questions and AP® Biology exercise tests), you should feel positive and confident that you have what information technology takes to earn a strong score. Skilful luck!

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